Cadenas de distribución líderes en la Unión Europea –
Los otros Mercadona de Europa: las cadenas de supermercados líderes en cada país
La empresa española inicia en Portugal su internacionalización en un sector muy competido
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Actualizado:08/07/2019 09:49h0
NOTICIAS RELACIONADAS
Mercadona desembarca en Portugal
Mercadona inició el pasado 2 de julio su expansión internacional con la apertura de diez tiendas en Portugal. En los próximos años serán 150. El líder de la distribución en España se adentra en otro mercado en un sector muy competido en Europa, donde las empresas locales dominan generalmente en sus respectivos países, y las grandes multinacionales como la francesa Carrefour o las alemanas Lidl oAldi no son las primeras en su tierra.
En Portugal, como ocurre en la mayoría de países de la Unión Europea, el principal distribuidor es una cadena nacional. Jerónimo Martins es líder del sector en beneficios gracias a sus supermercados Pingo Doce y las tiendas Amanhecer; aunque en número de tiendas es superado por Continente, segunda en beneficios, también de gestión portuguesa. El resto del top diez de distribuidores en Portugal, según Retail-Index, son empresas extranjeras: francesas como Auchan y E.Leclerc; alemanas como Lidl, Metro y Aldi; y holandesas como Spar. Dia, con su filial Mini Preço, también compite en Portugal. Ahora el grupo valenciano Mercadona ha llegado a revolucionar el mercado.
El caso portugués se repite en la mayoría de países de la Unión Europea. El líder es una compañía local, y las multinacionales copan gran parte del mercado, pero no ocupan el primer puesto. También ocurre en España, donde Mercadona tiene la cuarta parte del negocio, muy por delante de sus competidores nacionales y extranjeros: Carrefour (francesa), las españolas Dia y Eroski, la alemana Lidl, y la francesa Auchan (Alcampo en España).
Las cadenas de distribución con mayor número de beneficios en Europa son la alemana Schwarz, grupo propietario de Lidl y Kaufland; en segunda posición Aldi, también alemana; la francesa Carrefour, tercera; la británica Tesco, cuarta; y, en quinto lugar, Rewe, también alemana. Excepto Tesco, ninguna de las cinco cadenas con mayor beneficios es líder en su país. Las dos terceras partes de los beneficios de Schwarz y Aldi son de su negocio fuera de Alemania; en el caso de Carrefour, más de la mitad de sus ingresos llegan desde fuera de Francia, según datos de la consultora Deloitte.
Alemania, Francia y Reino Unido
En Alemania, el líder en beneficios es Edeka, que opera solo en su país. Supera a la alemana Rewe (líder en Austria); al grupo Schwarz, matriz de Lidl (presente en una veintena de países) y Kaufland (líder en República Checa, Bulgaria y Rumanía). Detrás de ellos en el mercado alemán está Aldi, presente en otra veintena de mercados. En Alemania el top diez de la distribución es nacional.
En Francia ocurre una situación similar a Alemania. La primera cadena no es la multinacional francesa Carrefour, sino que la supera E.Leclerc, más centrada en el mercado nacional, con mucho menor presencia en otros países. A diferencia de Alemania, no todo el top de distribuidores es nacional, puesto que Lidl se cuela en los primeros puestos del mercado galo.
La británica Tesco, líder en Reino Unido, es también la primera en beneficios en Eslovaquia y Hungría. El top ten británico es principalmente nacional, aunque el primer distribuidor mundial, el estadounidense Walmart, es un actor destacado, con los hipermercados Asda, británica en su origen, en tercera posición en beneficios.
Italia, Grecia, Países Bajos y Bélgica
En Italia, el líder actual es la italiana Conad después de superar a Coop tras la compra de la actividad de la francesa Auchan en el país. En Italia dominan los actores nacionales, pero Lidl y Carrefour también tienen una fuerte presencia.
A pesar de compartir nombre, la Coop italiana no tiene relación con la danesa Coop, líder en Dinamarca, ni con la cadena Coop en Estonia, líder en su país. En su origen todas ellas eran uniones de tiendas en cooperativas locales.
En Países Bajos, con Ahold, y Bélgica, con Colruyt, también lideran la distribución empresas locales. Como en Suecia con ICA, en Finlandia con el grupo S, en Grecia con Sklavenitis, y en Irlanda el grupo Musgrave, propietario entre otras de las tiendas Supervalu y Centra. En Polonia el líder es Biedronka, originalmente polaca pero desde hace más de veinte años propiedad del grupo portugués Jerónimo Martins, contra quien ahora se medirá Mercadona en su país, Portugal.
#mercadona, Edeka, Europa, Retail, tesco
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